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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 9:56 pm
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Results for drug abuse and addition
12 results foundAuthor: Degenhardt, Louisa Title: Comparing the Drug Situation Across Countries: Problem, Pitfalls and Possibilities Summary: This briefing compares the drug situation in a number of developed countries presenting data to provide information for analysts and policy makers for more effective drug control. Details: London: Beckley Foundation, Drug Policy Programme, 2009. 26p. Source: Briefing Paper Nineteen Year: 2009 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 116393 Keywords: Drug Abuse and AdditionDrug ControlDrug PolicyDrugs |
Author: Council of Europe. Criminal Justice Platform Title: Responding to Drug Markets and Drug Related Public Nuisance Summary: This report provides an overview of the hearings of the Pompidou Group Expert Forum on Criminal Justice between 2004 and 2006. During this period five platforms meetings were convened on the subject of open drug scenes, drug-related crime and the types of responses developed in various countries throughout the European Union and beyond. Presentations were heard covering the experience in over thirty cities. The scale and nature of the problem associated with open drug scenes varies from place to place. However, most countries have acknowledged that the complexity of the problem requires a multi-faceted response developed and implemented in partnership between relevant agencies and stakeholders. The report concludes by identifying some common principles underlying the various partnerships schemes and based on the evidence presented at the meetings, outlines a number of good practice guidelines for partnership working. Details: Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2006. v.p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2006 Country: Europe URL: Shelf Number: 118674 Keywords: Drug Abuse and AdditionDrug MarketsDrug TrafficNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Home Affairs Committee Title: The Cocaine Trade: Seventh Reprot of Session 2009-10 Summary: This report examines the trends in cocaine use in the U.K. and the progress to date in tackling the cocaine trade in terms of reducing both supply and demand. Details: London: Stationery Office, 2010. 2 v. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 117866 Keywords: CocaineDrug Abuse and AdditionDrug ControlDrug TraffickingDrugs |
Author: Jackson, Martin Title: Acquired Brain Injury in the Victorian Prison System Summary: This research set out to gain an understanding of the prevalence of acquired brain injury (ABI) among Victorian prisoners and to test an ABI screening tool to assist with identification of brain injury in this population. The study employed a three-stage process of initial screening, clinical interview and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. One hundred and ten adult male prisoners and 86 adult female prisoners took part in the initial screen, with 74 males and 43 females completing the neuropsychological assessment. Individuals with an ABI appear to be substantially overrepresented in the Victorian prison population. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment indicated that 42 per cent of male prisoners and 33 per cent of female prisoners from Stage Three had an ABI. This compares with an estimated prevalence of ABI among the general Australian population of two per cent (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2007). Of prisoners assessed as having an ABI, six per cent of males and seven per cent of females were rated as having a severe ABI, which is consistent with figures for the general population. Drug and alcohol use appeared to be the main cause of ABI among prisoners, while in the general population traumatic head injury is the most common cause. Prisoners also reported substantially higher rates of drug and alcohol use than are typically reported in the community, as well high rates of co-morbid psychiatric conditions. These findings point to the need for a coordinated and multi-disciplinary approach to addressing the therapeutic needs of prisoners with an ABI. The nature of cognitive deficits identified in the current study also suggests that prisoners with a severe ABI are likely to have difficulty functioning in a prison environment, and may require specific assistance from correctional staff as well as altered approaches to the delivery of offending behaviour programs. In light of the study findings, Corrections Victoria is currently developing a comprehensive service model and has also implemented a specialist, multifocused pilot across part of the prison and community correctional service to work with offenders with an ABI. Details: Melbourne: Victoria Department of Justice, 2011. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Corrections Research Paper Series, Paper No. 04: Accessed July 1, 2011 at: http://www.justice.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/justlib/DOJ+Internet/resources/9/b/9b711080468f099b99d59d4d58beb1dd/Acquired_Brain_Injury_in_the_Victorian_Prison_System.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.justice.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/justlib/DOJ+Internet/resources/9/b/9b711080468f099b99d59d4d58beb1dd/Acquired_Brain_Injury_in_the_Victorian_Prison_System.pdf Shelf Number: 121945 Keywords: Drug Abuse and AdditionDrug OffendersHealth CareInmatesMental Health ServicesPrisoners (Australia) |
Author: Burke, Cynthia Title: 2010 Juvenile Arrestee Drug Use in the San Diego Region Summary: This CJ Bulletin, “2010 Juvenile Arrestee Drug Use in the San Diego Region,” is the first in a series presenting data collected (from both juveniles and adults) in the 2010 calendar year and now includes eleven years of data. As part of this study, a total of 136 youth were interviewed at Juvenile Hall during two separate months in 2010. Ninety-six percent (96%) or 131 of these youth provided a urine sample for drug testing purposes (103 males and 28 females). This research bulletin includes the results of urinalysis trends over time, as well as information pertaining to lifetime and recent self-reported drug use, perceived risk and availability of different drugs, and characteristics of the youth that were interviewed and how these factors may be related to drug use. In addition, all of the data (percentages and raw numbers) captured through the juvenile interviews and urinalyses for 2004 through 2010 are available online at www.sandag.org/cj. Details: San Diego: SANDAG, Criminal Justice Research Division, 2011. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: CJ Bulletin: Accessed January 19, 2012 at: http://www.sandag.org/uploads/publicationid/publicationid_1595_13155.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://www.sandag.org/uploads/publicationid/publicationid_1595_13155.pdf Shelf Number: 123663 Keywords: Drug Abuse and AdditionDrug Abuse and CrimeJuvenile Offenders (San Diego) |
Author: Nelson, Nanette M. Title: The Cost of Substance Abuse in Wyoming 2010 Summary: The Wyoming Department of Health, Public Health Division (PHD) contracted with the Wyoming Survey & Analysis Center (WYSAC) at the University of Wyoming to conduct a cost of illness (COI) analysis of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drug abuse, prescription drug abuse, and mental health in the state. WYSAC received methodological guidance on the project from the Wyoming State Epidemiological Outcomes Workgroup (SEOW). In this report, WYSAC presents estimates of the economic impacts of substance abuse. In COI studies, estimated costs represent opportunity costs (WYSAC, 2011). Opportunity costs in COI studies are the economic values of opportunities or resources that could have otherwise been used for an alternative purpose instead of those opportunities or resources being used because of adverse health conditions or other outcomes. In this study WYSAC researchers estimated economic costs that would not have been incurred if the Wyoming population was not exposed to the risk factor (i.e., substance abuse) at some point during 2010. Details: Wyoming Survey & Analysis Center University of Wyoming, 2012. 77p. Source: Internet Resource: WYSAC Technical Report No. DER-1250, 2012: Accessed May 4, 2013 at: http://wysac.uwyo.edu/Reports.aspx?TypeId=4 Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://wysac.uwyo.edu/Reports.aspx?TypeId=4 Shelf Number: 128658 Keywords: Cost AnalysisDrug Abuse and AdditionMedical CostsSubstance Abuse (Wyoming, U.S.) |
Author: Wen, Hefei Title: The Effect of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Use on Crime: Evidence from Public Insurance Expansions and Health Insurance Parity Mandates Summary: We examine the effect of increasing the substance use disorder (SUD) treatment rate on reducing violent and property crime rates, based on county-level panels of SUD treatment and crime data between 2001 and 2008 across the United States. To address the potential endogeneity of the SUD treatment rate with respect to crime rate, we exploit the exogenous variation in the SUD treatment rate induced by two state-level policies, namely insurance expansions under the Health Insurance Flexibility and Accountability (HIFA) waivers and parity mandates for SUD treatment. Once we address the endogeneity issue, we are able to demonstrate an economically meaningful reduction in the rates of robbery, aggravated assault and larceny theft attributable to an increased SUD treatment rate. A back-of-the-envelope calculation shows that a 10 percent relative increase in the SUD treatment rate at an average cost of $1.6 billion yields a crime reduction benefit of $2.5 billion to $4.8 billion. Our findings suggest that expanding insurance coverage and benefits for SUD treatment is an effective policy lever to improve treatment use, and the improved SUD treatment use can effectively and cost-effectively promote public safety through crime reduction. Details: Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: NBER Working Paper Series: Working Paper 20537: Accessed October 6, 2014 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2505843 Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2505843 Shelf Number: 134228 Keywords: Drug Abuse and AdditionDrug Abuse and CrimeDrug Abuse TreatmentDrug Offenders (U.S.)Property CrimesRecidivismSubstance Abuse TreatmentViolent Crimes |
Author: Hussain, Qusai Title: Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment within the Context of the Criminal Justice System: A Review of the Literature Summary: This literature review is submitted to the Victorian Department of Human Services' Drugs Policy and Services Branch, as the first part of the Forensic Workforce Training Program project and has been written by the Research, Development and Projects division at Caraniche Pty Ltd. The purpose of the literature review is two-fold. First, it provides a critical review of current best practice in forensic alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment and secondly, it provides an analysis of the methodologies employed in developing and delivering effective training programs for AOD workers in the criminal justice system. These findings in combination with the Training Needs Analysis undertaken by the Youth Substance Abuse Service will provide the framework for the development of the Forensic Workforce Training Program. The literature review consisted of three phases, namely on-line database searches, web-based searches and specific website searches. The searches were guided by three content areas comprising: 1. current best practice principles in the provision of drug and alcohol treatment. 2. current best practice principles applied by AOD workers when working with forensic clients. 3. the nature, scope and efficacy of training programs developed for AOD workers working with forensic clients. Details: Melbourne: Victorian Department of Human Services' Drugs Policy and Services Branch, 2015. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 4, 2015 at: http://docs.health.vic.gov.au/docs/doc/49D540596D8A390CCA25789A007E9034/$FILE/fwt-litreview.pdf Year: 2015 Country: International URL: http://docs.health.vic.gov.au/docs/doc/49D540596D8A390CCA25789A007E9034/$FILE/fwt-litreview.pdf Shelf Number: 135502 Keywords: Alcohol Abuse Alcohol TreatmentDrug Abuse and AdditionDrug TreatmentSubstance Abuse Treatment |
Author: McCulloch, Lizzie Title: Black Sheep: An Investigation into Existing Support for Problematic Cannabis Use Summary: Black Sheep reveals that a legal regulated market would better support people experiencing problematic cannabis use as the sector is lacking a clear, effective strategy for linking people into support and guidance. With the current illegal and unregulated market reducing the visibility of cannabis users, practitioners have reported that "we're just fumbling around in the dark trying to find them". Among people showing signs of cannabis dependence, only 14.6% have ever received treatment, help or support specifically because of their drug use, and 5.5% had received this in the past six months. Details: London: Volteface, 2016. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2017 at: http://volteface.me/app/uploads/2017/02/BlackSheeporiginal.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://volteface.me/app/uploads/2017/02/BlackSheeporiginal.pdf Shelf Number: 145130 Keywords: CannabisDrug Abuse and AdditionDrug DecriminalizationMarijuana |
Author: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) Title: New psychoactive substances in Europe: legislation and prosecution — current challenges and solutions Summary: The European new psychoactive substances (NPS) market has increased at a speed that established drug control laws struggle to match. Various countries have therefore introduced new legal responses to this phenomenon, based either on existing laws that focused on consumer or health protection or medicinal products, or by developing innovative new legislation. In 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that substances are not medicinal products if they do not have beneficial effects on human health, thus restricting the use of such laws for NPS control. This joint report prepared with Eurojust combines the EMCDDA's top level monitoring activities with Eurojust’s operational experience in transnational prosecutions. The first part of the report is aimed at policymakers, and lists the challenges in NPS control and the solutions adopted in selected Member States. The second part is for legal practitioners, and focuses on the judgment of the Court of Justice and its practical effects on the transnational prosecution of NPS cases, describing the responses of some of the Member States most affected by the ruling. Details: Lisbon: EMCDDA, 2016. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 17, 2017 at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/3353/TD0416736ENN.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Europe URL: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/3353/TD0416736ENN.pdf Shelf Number: 141082 Keywords: Drug Abuse and AdditionDrug Control Drug Enforcement Illegal Drugs Psychoactive Substances Substance Abuse |
Author: U.S. Government Accountability Office Title: Illicit Opioids: While Greater Attention Given to Combating Synthetic Opioids, Agencies Need to Better Assess their Efforts Summary: What GAO Found Federal agencies collaborate with foreign governments, such as China, Mexico, and Canada, as well as with international organizations, to limit the production of illicit synthetic opioids. They do this by enhancing investigations, sharing information on emerging trends, helping to expand the regulation of illicit substances, and building capacity to thwart the distribution of illicit drugs. Federal agencies have ongoing efforts to limit the domestic availability of and enhance their response to illicit synthetic opioids. For example, federal efforts include treating overdose death scenes as crime scenes where officers collect evidence to investigate and identify the drug source. Federal agencies have also documented specific strategies to combat illicit opioids. However, only one of the five strategies we reviewed included outcome, or results-oriented measures-largely due to agency perceptions that designing such measures posed challenges. The Government Performance and Results Act Modernization Act of 2010 directs agencies to develop goals, as well as performance indicators. Without specific outcome-oriented performance measures, federal agencies will not be able to truly assess whether their respective investments and efforts are helping them to limit the availability of and better respond to the synthetic opioid threat. We also found that while federal law enforcement agencies are increasingly coordinating with the public health sector to share overdose information, both sectors reported ongoing data sharing obstacles and related challenges with the timeliness, accuracy, and accessibility of overdose data. Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government states that information for decision-making should be appropriate, current, complete, accurate, accessible, and provided on a timely basis. Embarking on a concerted effort, led by the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), to examine and address data related concerns will enhance agencies' efforts continue to understand and respond to the opioid epidemic. Federal agencies have adapted to the opioid epidemic by, among other things, expanding prevention programs and treatment options. For example, agencies have increased engagement with medical professionals about the implications of prescribing practices to help reduce opioid abuse, and provided additional resources to states and localities to expand the distribution and use of overdose reversal and treatment options. Why GAO Did This Study Increased illicit use of synthetic (manmade) opioids has contributed to drug-related overdose deaths. Synthetic opioids like fentanyl-a substance 100 times stronger than morphine- accounted for more than 19,000 of the nearly 64,000 overdose deaths in 2016, the most recent year for which federal data are available. GAO was asked to review U.S. agency efforts to combat illicit synthetic opioids. This report examines how U.S. agencies (1) work with international partners to limit production of illicit synthetic opioids; (2) work domestically to limit the availability of and enhance their response to these drugs and how agencies can improve their effectiveness; (3) measure performance in their documented opioid response strategies; and (4) have adapted their approaches to prevention and treatment. GAO reviewed documents that described agencies' international coordination efforts, domestic opioid reduction strategies and prevention and treatment approaches, and interviewed international and federal agency officials engaged in drug control policy. GAO also interviewed state and local law enforcement and public health officials in seven states, selected in part for their high rates of overdose deaths. What GAO Recommends GAO is making six recommendations, including that agencies develop performance metrics. DHS agreed, ONDCP did not state whether they agreed or disagreed, and DOJ did not agree with GAO's recommendations. GAO continues to believe that these recommendations remain valid. Details: Washington, DC; GAO, 2018. 94p. Source: Internet Resource: GAO-18-205: Accessed April 16, 2018 at: https://www.gao.gov/assets/700/690972.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.gao.gov/assets/700/690972.pdf Shelf Number: 149801 Keywords: Drug Abuse and AdditionDrug Control PolicyIllegal DrugsIllicit DrugsOpioid EpidemicOpioidsPrescription Drugs |
Author: Minnesota Department of Health Title: Patterns of Opioid Prescribing in Minnesota: 2012 and 2015 Summary: Opioids are a class of drugs that include prescription opioid medications for pain relief - such as oxycodone (OxyContin), hydrocodone (Vicodin), codeine, morphine, and fentanyl- as well as illicitly produced drugs like heroin and fentanyl-related substances (also called fentanyl analogs). While prescription opioids play a role in the management of some types of severe acute, cancer-related and end-of-life pain, increased opioid use since 1990, including for chronic pain unrelated to cancer, has resulted in sharply rising opioid addiction and overdoses, as well as increased healthcare utilization and costs. Recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines point out the limitations of the evidence base in support of opioid therapy for pain, recommend non-opioid therapy for chronic pain, and emphasize the risks associated with opioid therapy. In Minnesota, opioids-both prescription and illicit-were responsible for 336 overdose deaths in 2015, more than a six-fold increase since 2000. In 2016, opioid use accounted for 395 overdose deaths in Minnesota-a one-year increase of nearly 18 percent. Forty-nine percent of the opioid overdose deaths in Minnesota in 2016 were from prescription opioids. In addition to overdose deaths, opioids play a causal role in other deaths, including automobile accidents. As Minnesota, like other states, struggles with the economic, community and individual impacts of the opioid epidemic, this issue brief looks to bring new empirical evidence specific to Minnesota to discussions about the shape of the problem, contributing factors, and options for addressing them. This issue brief focuses on opioid prescription patterns among Minnesotans with private or public insurance coverage in 2012 and 2015. We explore opioid prescription trends by payer, patients' diagnoses preceding a prescription opioid fill, number of prescribers, and patients' geographic location. The results may offer insights to policy makers and payers about opportunities Key Findings: - Overall rates of opioid prescribing declined in Minnesota from 2012 to 2015, but the morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per prescription increased. - Medicare and Medicaid, where eligibility is determined by age, disability status, and/or income, covered approximately one-third of Minnesotans with general health coverage and accounted for two-thirds of opioid prescriptions filled in 2015. - Nearly one in three Minnesotans with an opioid prescription in 2015 had multiple prescribers. - In both 2012 and 2015, 6 in 10 opioid prescriptions were filled within 15 days of the patient's last medical visit; however, 1 in 10 opioid prescriptions were filled without a medical visit in the past 90 days, suggesting closer patient-prescriber communication or opioid oversight may be needed in some cases. - Prescription opioid use varied across counties. In some counties, prescription opioid use in 2015 was over times the statewide average of 523 MME per resident. to reduce unnecessary use and overuse of prescription opioids. They may also help identify additional analytic questions and contribute to assessments of the impact of policy changes currently debated by the Minnesota Legislature. Details: St. Paul, MN: The Department, 2018. 15p., app. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 30, 2018 at: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/hpsc/hep/publications/opioidbrief20185.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/hpsc/hep/publications/opioidbrief20185.pdf Shelf Number: 150407 Keywords: Drug Abuse and AdditionOpioid EpidemicOpioidsPrescription Drug Abuse |